Contraceptive switch and abandonment among women using the pill, condoms and injectables in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess the covariates of contraceptive switching and abandonment among Brazilian women stratified by oral pills, condoms and injectables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women attending primary health care services in three Brazilian mid- to large-sized cities were interviewed face-to-face about their contraceptive practices (n = 2,051). Data were collected using a contraceptive calendar. Analysis included estimates using Kaplan-Meier multiple-decrement life-table probabilities and discrete-time hazards modelling of switching from a method to another or to no method. RESULTS: Among 3,280 segments of contraceptive use, we observed that five-year contraceptive switching rates ranged from 34.9% among injectable users to 56.1% among pill users. Of particular concern were the high discontinuation rates of abandonment, which ranged from 50.9% among injectable users to 77.4% among pill users. Covariates of method switching and abandonment varied by type of method, but age, race/ethnicity, religion and relationship status must be highlighted as key elements of discontinuation. CONCLUSION: Contraceptive method switching and abandoning are frequent outcomes of contraceptive use. Understanding the factors that shape women's decisions to continue or discontinue the use of a contraceptive method can help tailoring comprehensive contraceptive counselling that meet their expectations and reproductive needs when starting using a method.

Contraceptive discontinuation among women in need of contraception may difficult the achievement of their fertility desires, which can lead to unintended pregnancies.

Changes in contraceptive use during the second COVID-19 lockdown in Brazil: A web-based survey.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed contraceptive use changes during the second lockdown due to COVID-19 in Brazil and their associated factors. STUDY DESIGN: This was a longitudinal web-based study in which 725 non-pregnant Brazilian women aged 18 to 49 completed an online structured survey about their contraceptive practices in two rounds in 2021. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with contraceptive use changes during COVID-19. RESULTS: Sixty percent reported they changed their contraceptive use during COVID-19, especially starting to use a method or switching to a more effective one (32%). In adjusted analysis, women who were ambivalent about a future pregnancy were more likely to switch to a more effective method (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.33, 95% CI 1.42-3.83) and to stop using contraceptive (aOR 3.64, 95% CI 1.91-6.91). Women with a partner were less likely to switch to a more effective method (aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.93) and to stop using contraceptive (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31-0.93), but more likely to switch to a less effective method (aOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.16-4.34). Age was also associated with contraceptive use changes. CONCLUSIONS: Contraceptive use among Brazilian women during COVID-19 depended on their age and partnership status. During the period of the highest peak in the number of cases and deaths in the country, ambivalence towards a future pregnancy increased changes in contraceptive use. IMPLICATIONS: Contraceptive changes were observed during a two-wave web-survey in Brazil depending on women's age and partnership status. Ambivalence towards a future pregnancy increased changes in contraceptive use and should be considered in future studies regarding sexual and reproductive health and COVID-19 as well as in family planning program implementation.

Reproductive autonomy associated with the use of contraceptive methods among reproductive aged women.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the sociodemographic aspects associated with reproductive autonomy among urban women, with special regard to the relationship with the use of contraceptive methods. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with 1252 women, conducted between April and June 2021, using the Brazilian version of the Reproductive Autonomy Scale. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Mean scores for the subscales were 2.5 (SD=0.3) (Decision-making), 3.8 (SD=0.3) (Absence of Coercion) and 3.6 (SD=0.4) (Communication). Compared to women who reported no use of contraceptive methods, women using barrier or behavioral methods and those using LARC had higher level of reproductive autonomy on all dimensions of the Scale (p<0.001). Other aspects associated with reproductive autonomy were education, race/ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status and cohabitation living with a partner, depending on each subscale. CONCLUSION: The type of contraceptive method used was statistically associated with reproductive autonomy in all subscales.

Outcomes of Intrauterine Device Insertion by Certified Midwives and Obstetric Nurse Practitioners.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the outcomes of Interval Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD) insertion performed by certified midwives and obstetric nurse practitioners at a Peri-Hospital Birth Center. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 75 women who underwent IUD insertion between January 2018 and February 2020. Data collection was carried out using medical records and telephone interviews. RESULTS: no instances of uterine perforation were observed. Expulsion rates of the devices were 1.3% within 30 to 45 days of use and 5.3% within the first year of use. The follow-up removal rate was 4.0%. The average pain score reported was 4.2 (SD = 3.3). Among those who continued using the device, 93.1% expressed satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: the findings demonstrate that IUD insertion by certified midwives and obstetric nurse practitioners is a safe procedure, yielding outcomes comparable to those reported in the existing literature.

"We want to hug a friend": the covid-19 pandemic among low-income adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the perceptions of adolescent students from a public school, of both sexes, living in a peripheral region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in relation to the covid-19 pandemic, with a special focus on their experiences regarding education and sociability. METHODS: This study is part of the Global Early Adolescent Study. Seven face-to-face focus groups were conducted with adolescents between 13 and 16 years old (19 girls and 15 boys) in 2021. RESULTS: The experience of remote teaching was frustrating for the adolescents, without the daily and personalized monitoring of the teacher(s). In addition to the difficult or impossible access to devices and the lack of support from schools, there is also the domestic environment, which made the schooling process more difficult, especially for girls, who were forced to take on more household and family care tasks. The closed school blocked an important space for socialization and forced family interaction, generating conflicts and stress in the home environment. The abrupt rupture brought feelings of fear, uncertainty, anguish and loneliness. The iterative evocation of the words "stuck", "alone" and "loneliness" and the phrase "there was no one to talk to" shows how most of the adolescents experienced the period of distancing. The pandemic aggravated the objective and subjective conditions of preexisting feelings, such as "not knowing the future" and the prospects of a life project. CONCLUSION: It has been documented how pandemic control measures implemented in a fragmented way and without support for the most impoverished families have negative effects on other spheres of life, in particular for poor young people. The school is a privileged territory to propose/construct actions that help adolescents to deal with problems aggravated in/by the pandemic.

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Atenção em contracepção no puerpério: o DIU está sendo ofertado às mulheres usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde?

Material desenvolvido por Tamires Lima Melli para Dissertação: Atenção em contracepção no puerpério: o DIU está sendo ofertado às mulheres usuárias de unidades básicas de saúde?, apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação - Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem na Atenção Primária em Saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo, 2019..

Outcomes of Intrauterine Device Insertion by Certified Midwives and Obstetric Nurse Practitioners / Resultados de la inserción del dispositivo intrauterino de intervalo por parte de parteras y enfermeras obstetrices / Desfechos da inserção do Dispositivo Intrauterino de Intervalo por obstetrizes e enfermeiras obstetras

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the outcomes of Interval Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD) insertion performed by certified midwives and obstetric nurse practitioners at a Peri-Hospital Birth Center. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 75 women who underwent IUD insertion between January 2018 and February 2020. Data collection was carried out using medical records and telephone interviews. Results: no instances of uterine perforation were observed. Expulsion rates of the devices were 1.3% within 30 to 45 days of use and 5.3% within the first year of use. The follow-up removal rate was 4.0%. The average pain score reported was 4.2 (SD = 3.3). Among those who continued using the device, 93.1% expressed satisfaction. Conclusions: the findings demonstrate that IUD insertion by certified midwives and obstetric nurse practitioners is a safe procedure, yielding outcomes comparable to those reported in the existing literature.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar los resultados de la inserción del dispositivo intrauterino de cobre (DIU) realizado por matronas certificadas y enfermeras obstétricas especializadas en un Centro de Nacimientos Peri-Hospitalario. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a 75 mujeres sometidas a la inserción del DIU entre enero de 2018 y febrero de 2020. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante registros médicos y entrevistas telefónicas. Resultados: no se observaron casos de perforación uterina. Las tasas de expulsión del dispositivo fueron del 1,3% en los primeros 30 a 45 días de uso y del 5,3% durante el primer año de uso. La tasa de retirada durante el seguimiento fue del 4,0%. La puntuación promedio del dolor informada fue de 4,2 (DE = 3,3). Entre aquellas que continuaron utilizando el dispositivo, el 93,1% manifestó satisfacción. Conclusiones: los hallazgos demuestran que la inserción del DIU por parte de matronas certificadas y enfermeras obstétricas especializadas es un procedimiento seguro, que produce resultados comparables a los reportados en la literatura existente.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar os desfechos da inserção do Dispositivo Intrauterino de Cobre de Intervalo por obstetrizes e enfermeiras obstetras em um Centro de Parto Normal Peri-hospitalar. Métodos: estudo transversal conduzido com 75 mulheres que tiveram o dispositivo inserido entre janeiro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2020. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de prontuários e contato telefônico. Resultados: não houve nenhuma perfuração uterina; 1,3% dos dispositivos foram expulsos com 30 a 45 dias de uso e 5,3% no primeiro ano de uso; a taxa de necessidade de remoção no retorno foi de 4,0%; e a pontuação média de dor foi 4,2 (DP = 3,3). Entre aquelas que ainda usavam o dispositivo, 93,1% se consideraram satisfeitas. Conclusões: a inserção do dispositivo por enfermeiras obstetras e obstetrizes mostrou ser segura, com desfechos similares aos observados na literatura.

Reproductive autonomy associated with the use of contraceptive methods among reproductive aged women / Autonomía reproductiva asociada al uso de métodos anticonceptivos en mujeres en edad reproductiva / Autonomia reprodutiva associada ao uso de métodos contraceptivos entre mulheres em idade reprodutiva

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the sociodemographic aspects associated with reproductive autonomy among urban women, with special regard to the relationship with the use of contraceptive methods. Method: Cross-sectional study with 1252 women, conducted between April and June 2021, using the Brazilian version of the Reproductive Autonomy Scale. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: Mean scores for the subscales were 2.5 (SD=0.3) (Decision-making), 3.8 (SD=0.3) (Absence of Coercion) and 3.6 (SD=0.4) (Communication). Compared to women who reported no use of contraceptive methods, women using barrier or behavioral methods and those using LARC had higher level of reproductive autonomy on all dimensions of the Scale (p<0.001). Other aspects associated with reproductive autonomy were education, race/ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status and cohabitation living with a partner, depending on each subscale. Conclusion: The type of contraceptive method used was statistically associated with reproductive autonomy in all subscales.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar los aspectos sociodemográficos asociados a la autonomía reproductiva entre mujeres urbanas, especialmente en relación al uso de métodos anticonceptivos. Método: Estudio transversal realizado con 1252 mujeres, entre abril y junio de 2021, utilizando la versión brasileña de la Escala de Autonomía Reproductiva. Los datos se analizaron mediante regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: Las puntuaciones medias de las subescalas fueron 2,5 (DE=0,3) (Toma de decisiones), 3,8 (DE=0,3) (Ausencia de coerción) y 3,6 (DE=0,4) (Comunicación). En comparación con las mujeres que informaron no usar métodos anticonceptivos, las mujeres que usaron métodos de barrera o conductuales y las que usaron LARC mostraron un mayor nivel de autonomía reproductiva en todas las dimensiones de la Escala (p<0,001). Otros aspectos asociados a la autonomía reproductiva fueron la educación, la raza/color, la religión, el grupo socioeconómico y la convivencia, según cada subescala. Conclusión: El tipo de método anticonceptivo utilizado se asoció estadísticamente con la autonomía reproductiva en todas las subescalas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar os aspectos sociodemográficos associados à autonomia reprodutiva entre mulheres urbanas, em especial na relação com o uso de métodos contraceptivos. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com 1252 mulheres, entre abril e junho de 2021, utilizando a versão brasileira da Escala de Autonomia Reprodutiva. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Os escores médios das subesacalas foram 2,5 (dp=0,3) (Tomada de decisão), 3,8 (dp=0,3) (Ausência de Coerção) e 3,6 (dp=0,4) (Comunicação). Comparadas às mulheres que relataram não usar métodos contraceptivos, mulheres que usavam métodos de barreira ou comportamentais e as que usavam LARC mostraram maior nível de autonomia reprodutiva em todas as dimensões da Escala (p<0,001). Outros aspectos associados à autonomia reprodutiva foram a escolaridade, raça/cor, religião, grupo socioeconômico e morar com o parceiro,a depender de cada subescala. Conclusão: O tipo de método contraceptivo utilizado foi estatisticamente associado à autonomia reprodutiva em todas as subescalas.

"We want to hug a friend": the covid-19 pandemic among low-income adolescents / "A gente quer abraçar o amigo": a pandemia de covid-19 entre adolescentes de baixa renda

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine the perceptions of adolescent students from a public school, of both sexes, living in a peripheral region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in relation to the covid-19 pandemic, with a special focus on their experiences regarding education and sociability. METHODS This study is part of the Global Early Adolescent Study. Seven face-to-face focus groups were conducted with adolescents between 13 and 16 years old (19 girls and 15 boys) in 2021. RESULTS The experience of remote teaching was frustrating for the adolescents, without the daily and personalized monitoring of the teacher(s). In addition to the difficult or impossible access to devices and the lack of support from schools, there is also the domestic environment, which made the schooling process more difficult, especially for girls, who were forced to take on more household and family care tasks. The closed school blocked an important space for socialization and forced family interaction, generating conflicts and stress in the home environment. The abrupt rupture brought feelings of fear, uncertainty, anguish and loneliness. The iterative evocation of the words "stuck", "alone" and "loneliness" and the phrase "there was no one to talk to" shows how most of the adolescents experienced the period of distancing. The pandemic aggravated the objective and subjective conditions of preexisting feelings, such as "not knowing the future" and the prospects of a life project. CONCLUSION It has been documented how pandemic control measures implemented in a fragmented way and without support for the most impoverished families have negative effects on other spheres of life, in particular for poor young people. The school is a privileged territory to propose/construct actions that help adolescents to deal with problems aggravated in/by the pandemic.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Examinar as percepções de adolescentes estudantes de uma escola pública, de ambos os sexos, moradores de uma região periférica da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, em relação à pandemia de covid-19, com especial enfoque em suas experiências quanto à educação e sociabilidade. MÉTODOS Este estudo faz parte do Global Early Adolescent Study. Foram conduzidos sete grupos focais presenciais com adolescentes entre 13 e 16 anos (19 meninas e 15 meninos),em 2021. RESULTADOS A experiência do ensino remoto foi frustrante para as/os adolescentes, sem o acompanhamento cotidiano e personalizado de professoras(es). Ao acesso difícil ou impossível aos dispositivos e à ausência de suporte das escolas é acrescido o ambiente doméstico, que dificultou o processo de escolarização, em especial para as meninas, obrigadas a assumir mais tarefas de cuidado da casa e da família. A escola fechada bloqueou espaço importante de socialização e forçou o convívio familiar, gerando conflitos e estresse. A abrupta ruptura trouxe sentimentos de medo, incerteza, angústia e solidão. A evocação iterativa das palavras "presa/o", "sozinha/o" e "solidão" e da frase "não teve ninguém pra conversar" mostra como grande parte das/os adolescentes experienciou o período de distanciamento. A pandemia agravou as condições objetivas e subjetivas de sentimentos preexistentes, como "não saber o futuro" e as perspectivas de projeto de vida. CONCLUSÃO Foi documentado como medidas de controle da pandemia implementadas de forma fragmentada e sem suporte às famílias mais empobrecidas têm efeitos negativos em outras esferas da vida, em particular para jovens pobres. A escola é um território privilegiado para se propor/construir ações que auxiliem as/os adolescentes a lidar com problemas agravados na/pela pandemia.

Factors associated with post-abortion contraceptive discontinuation.

OBJECTIVES: To assess factors associated with post-abortion contraceptive discontinuation. METHOD: This cross-sectional study addressed 111 women aged 18-49 attending Primary Health Care Facilities in São Paulo/SP, Aracaju/SE, and Cuiabá/MT, Brazil, who reported an abortion five years before the interview held in 2015-2017. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox Regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Oral hormonal contraceptives, male condoms, and injectable contraceptives were the methods most frequently used. The contraceptive discontinuation rate was 41.8% in the 12 months after the abortion. The pill was the method most frequently abandoned (58.3%); male condoms were the method that failed the most (72.7%), and injectable contraceptives were the method most frequently switched (50.0%). Being up to 24 years old, having ten or more years of education, having three or more children, and a desire to wait longer before becoming pregnant again were associated with post-abortion contraceptive discontinuation. CONCLUSION: Short-acting contraceptive methods were predominant among post-abortion women. The type of discontinuation varied according to the type of method used. The factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation were age, education, parity, and reproductive intention.

Vulnerabilidade a vivenciar uma gravidez não intencional entre mulheres usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde / Vulnerabilidad al vivenciar un embarazo no intencional entre mujeres usuarias del Sistema Único de Salud

Objetivo: Analisar a vulnerabilidade a vivenciar uma gravidez não intencional entre mulheres usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde e os aspectos associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 470 mulheres usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde Leste do município de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e utilizou-se regressão logística múltipla para analisar os aspectos associados. Resultados: Aproximadamente metade das mulheres mostrou estar vulnerável a vivenciar uma gravidez não intencional (48,3%). Mulheres na faixa etária de 25 a 34 anos tiveram mais chance de estar vulneráveis à gravidez não intencional comparadas às mulheres na faixa etária de 18 a 24 anos (OR=2,0; IC95% 1,2-3,4), tendo sido o mesmo observado em relação às mulheres com 35 anos de idade ou mais (OR=9,7; IC95% 5,3-17,6). As mulheres em união estável tiveram menos chance de estar vulneráveis a uma gravidez não intencional comparadas às mulheres solteiras (OR=0,4; IC95% 0,3-0,7). As mulheres que não planejaram a gravidez anterior tinham mais chance de estar vulnerável a uma gravidez não intencional comparadas às mulheres que planejaram a gravidez anterior (OR=2,5; IC95% 1,2-5,1), diferentemente das mulheres que nunca engravidaram (OR=0,4; IC95% 0,2-0,7). Conclusão: Uma parcela significativa de mulheres estava vulnerável a vivenciar uma gravidez não intencional. Os aspectos associados a vivenciar uma gravidez não intencional foram a idade, não estar em união estável e não ter planejado a última gravidez.

Sexual activity and satisfaction in older adults from a Brazilian cohort study

Objectives: Although the majority of older adults experience sexual satisfaction regardless of their sexual activity, there are few studies that address sexuality in aging, especially in Latin America. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of sexual activity and satisfaction among older adults in two time-points, as well as their sociodemographic and health predictors.Method: We analyze data from 1,464 older adults aged 60 years or over from the Health, Well-Being, and Aging (SABE) cohort study conducted in Brazil. Multivariable regression models were used to determinate the factors associated with sexual activity and sexual satisfaction, stratified by gender. Results: Among older adults, the prevalence of sexual activity was 48%, while the vast majority reported feeling sexually satisfied (80%). Men had more sexual activity than women, while women presented greater sexual satisfaction than men. After the follow-up, older adults that were married were more likely to have sexual activity. In women, being older than 71 years was associated with lower sexual activity. In men, those with mobility problems and depression were less likely to have sexual activity. Regarding sexual satisfaction, having depression remained a leading factor for lower sexual satisfaction in men.Conclusion: Despite beliefs, a high percentage of older adults reported being sexually active and feeling sexually satisfied. Our results highlight the gender difference in the predictors of sexual activity and sexual satisfaction. Since sexuality is important for well-being throughout life, preventing factors that decrease sexual activity and sexual satisfaction in aging could help improve the quality of life of older adults.

Vulnerabilidade a vivenciar uma gravidez não intencional entre mulheres usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde / Vulnerabilidad al vivenciar un embarazo no intencional entre mujeres usuarias del Sistema Único de Salud / Vulnerability to experiencing an unintentional pregnancy among women who use the Unified Health System

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a vulnerabilidade a vivenciar uma gravidez não intencional entre mulheres usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde e os aspectos associados. Métodos Estudo transversal com 470 mulheres usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde Leste do município de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e utilizou-se regressão logística múltipla para analisar os aspectos associados. Resultados Aproximadamente metade das mulheres mostrou estar vulnerável a vivenciar uma gravidez não intencional (48,3%). Mulheres na faixa etária de 25 a 34 anos tiveram mais chance de estar vulneráveis à gravidez não intencional comparadas às mulheres na faixa etária de 18 a 24 anos (OR=2,0; IC95% 1,2-3,4), tendo sido o mesmo observado em relação às mulheres com 35 anos de idade ou mais (OR=9,7; IC95% 5,3-17,6). As mulheres em união estável tiveram menos chance de estar vulneráveis a uma gravidez não intencional comparadas às mulheres solteiras (OR=0,4; IC95% 0,3-0,7). As mulheres que não planejaram a gravidez anterior tinham mais chance de estar vulnerável a uma gravidez não intencional comparadas às mulheres que planejaram a gravidez anterior (OR=2,5; IC95% 1,2-5,1), diferentemente das mulheres que nunca engravidaram (OR=0,4; IC95% 0,2-0,7). Conclusão Uma parcela significativa de mulheres estava vulnerável a vivenciar uma gravidez não intencional. Os aspectos associados a vivenciar uma gravidez não intencional foram a idade, não estar em união estável e não ter planejado a última gravidez.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la vulnerabilidad al vivenciar un embarazo no intencional entre mujeres usuarias de Unidades Básicas de Salud y los aspectos asociados. Métodos Estudio transversal con 470 mujeres usuarias de Unidades Básicas de Salud de la Coordinación Regional de Salud Este del municipio de São Paulo. Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas y se utilizó la regresión logística múltiple para el análisis de los aspectos asociados. Resultados Aproximadamente la mitad de las mujeres se mostró vulnerable a vivir un embarazo no intencional (48,3 %). Mujeres en el grupo de edad de los 25 a los 34 años tuvieron más posibilidades de vulnerabilidad a un embarazo no intencional cuando comparadas con las mujeres en el grupo de edad de los 18 a los 24 años (OR=2,0; IC95 % 1,2-3,4). Lo mismo se ha observado en relación con las mujeres de 35 años o más (OR=9,7; IC95 % 5,3-17,6). Las mujeres en unión de hecho tuvieron menos posibilidades de vulnerabilidad a un embarazo no intencional en comparación con las mujeres solteras (OR=0,4; IC95 % 0,3-0,7). Las mujeres que no planificaron el embarazo anterior tuvieron más posibilidades de estar vulnerables a un embarazo no intencional cuando comparadas con las mujeres que planificaron el embarazo anterior (OR=2,5; IC95 % 1,2-5,1), a diferencia de las mujeres que nunca habían quedado embarazadas (OR=0,4; IC95 % 0,2-0,7). Conclusión Una parte significativa de las mujeres estaba vulnerable a vivir un embarazo no intencional. Los aspectos asociados a la vivencia de un embarazo no intencional fueron la edad, no tener una unión de hecho y no haber planificado el último embarazo.

Abstract Objective To analyze the vulnerability to experience an unintentional pregnancy among women users of Primary Care Centers and the associated aspects. Methods A cross-sectional study with a total of 470 women users of Primary Care Centers of the East Health Supervision Department from the city of Sao Paulo. Data were collected through interviews and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the associated aspects. Results Approximately half of the women were found to be vulnerable to experiencing an unintentional pregnancy (48.3%). Women aged 25 to 34 years old were more likely to be vulnerable to unintentional pregnancy compared to women aged 18 to 24 years old (OR=2.0; 95%CI 1.2-3.4), the same observed for women aged 35 years old or older (OR=9.7; 95%CI 5.3-17.6). Women in a stable relationship were less likely to be vulnerable to an unintentional pregnancy compared to single women (OR=0.4; 95%CI 0.3-0.7). Women who did not plan a previous pregnancy were more likely to be vulnerable to an unintentional pregnancy compared to women who planned a previous pregnancy (OR=2.5; 95%CI 1.2-5.1), unlike women who never got pregnant (OR=0.4; 95%CI 0.2-0.7). Conclusion A significant portion of women was vulnerable to experiencing an unintentional pregnancy. The aspects associated with experiencing this pregnancy were age, not being in a stable relationship and not having planned the last pregnancy.

Factors associated with post-abortion contraceptive discontinuation / Factores associados a la discontinuidade en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos después de sufrir un aborto / Fatores associados à descontinuidade no uso de métodos contraceptivos após a vivência de um abortamento

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess factors associated with post-abortion contraceptive discontinuation. Method: This cross-sectional study addressed 111 women aged 18-49 attending Primary Health Care Facilities in São Paulo/SP, Aracaju/SE, and Cuiabá/MT, Brazil, who reported an abortion five years before the interview held in 2015-2017. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox Regression were used for data analysis. Results: Oral hormonal contraceptives, male condoms, and injectable contraceptives were the methods most frequently used. The contraceptive discontinuation rate was 41.8% in the 12 months after the abortion. The pill was the method most frequently abandoned (58.3%); male condoms were the method that failed the most (72.7%), and injectable contraceptives were the method most frequently switched (50.0%). Being up to 24 years old, having ten or more years of education, having three or more children, and a desire to wait longer before becoming pregnant again were associated with post-abortion contraceptive discontinuation. Conclusion: Short-acting contraceptive methods were predominant among post-abortion women. The type of discontinuation varied according to the type of method used. The factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation were age, education, parity, and reproductive intention.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Analizar los factores asociados a la discontinuidad en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos después de un aborto. Método: Estudio transversal realizado con 111 mujeres de 18 a 49 años, usuarias de Unidades Básicas de Salud de São Paulo/SP, Aracaju/SE y Cuiabá/MT, quienes reportaron aborto en los cinco años previos a la entrevista realizada entre 2015-2017. Se utilizó Kaplan-Meier y la regresión de Cox para el análisis de datos. Resultados: Tras el aborto, los métodos utilizados se centraron en los de corta duración: anticonceptivos hormonales orales, condones masculinos e inyectables. La tasa de discontinuidad en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos fue del 41,8% en los 12 meses posteriores al aborto. La píldora fue el método que se abandonó con más frecuencia (58,3%); el condón masculino en el que ocurrieron más fallas (72,7%); e inyectables intercambiados con mayor frecuencia (50,0%). Tener 24 años o más, 10 o más años de escolaridad, alta paridad (3 o más) y desear esperar para quedar embarazada se asociaron con la discontinuidad en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos después del aborto. Conclusión: Las mujeres después de un aborto utilizaron predominantemente métodos anticonceptivos de corta duración, que con mayor frecuencia se suspenden. El tipo de discontinuidad, abandono, intercambio o falla varió según el tipo de método utilizado. La edad, la educación, la paridad y la intención reproductiva se asociaron con la discontinuidad en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos después del aborto.

RESUMO Objetivos: Analisar os fatores associados à descontinuidade no uso de método contraceptivos após a vivência de um abortamento. Método: Estudo transversal, conduzido com 111 mulheres de 18-49 anos, usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde de São Paulo/SP, Aracaju/SE e Cuiabá/MT, que relataram abortamento nos cinco anos anteriores às entrevistas realizadas entre 2015-2017. Utilizou-se Kaplan-Meier e regressão de Cox para análise dos dados. Resultados: Os métodos mais utilizados foram o contraceptivo hormonal oral, preservativo masculino e injetáveis. A taxa de descontinuidade contraceptiva foi 41,8% nos 12 meses. A pílula foi o método mais abandonado (58,3%); o preservativo masculino aquele que mais falhou (72,7%); e injetáveis os mais trocados (50,0%). Ter até 24 anos de idade, mais de 10 anos de escolaridade, três ou mais filhos e querer esperar mais para engravidar associaram-se a descontinuar o uso dos métodos contraceptivos após o abortamento. Conclusão: Após o abortamento, as mulheres usaram predominantemente métodos contraceptivos de curta duração. O tipo de descontinuidade, abandono, troca ou falha, variou conforme o método usado. Os fatores associados à descontinuidade contraceptiva foram a idade, a escolaridade, a paridade e a intenção reprodutiva.

[Contraceptive dynamics before and after the use of emergency contraception: contraceptive discontinuities and bridging]. / Dinâmica contraceptiva antes e após o uso da anticoncepção de emergência: descontinuidades contraceptivas e bridging.

The study's objectives were to estimate the occurrence of bridging, that is, the degree to which women that had not been using contraceptive methods began to use them in the month following the use of emergency contraception, and to estimate the rates of contraceptive discontinuity before and after the use of emergency contraception. Data collection occurred through a retrospective daily history on the use of methods in the 30 days before and after the use of emergency contraception, with 2,051 users of primary health care units in São Paulo, Aracaju (Sergipe), and Cuiabá (Mato Grosso), Brazil. The study's results showed that on average, women began their use of the method 7.6 days (SD = 2.4) after the use of emergency contraception, and that discontinuity occurred 17.1 days (SD = 7.0) after its use. Most of the women used the method continuously 30 days before (44.4%) and 30 days after (65.7%) emergency contraception. Only 8.1% of the women who had not been using the method before emergency contraception used it afterwards (bridging). Age 35 years or older (OR = 1.8; 95%CI: 1.4-2.6) was associated with the use of contraceptive methods after the use of emergency contraception among women who had not been using methods before. Residence in Aracaju (OR = 0.7; 95%CI: 0.4-0.9) showed an inverse association. In conclusion, a negligible portion of women who had not been using contraceptive methods before emergency contraception began using them afterwards (bridging).

Os objetivos do estudo foram estimar a ocorrência de bridging, ou seja, o quanto as mulheres que não usavam métodos contraceptivos, começaram a utilizá-los no mês subsequente ao uso da anticoncepção de emergência; e estimar as taxas de descontinuidade contraceptiva antes e após o uso da anticoncepção de emergência. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de um histórico retrospectivo diário sobre o uso de métodos nos 30 dias antes e após o uso da anticoncepção de emergência, com 2.051 usuárias de unidades básicas de saúde de São Paulo, Aracaju (Sergipe) e Cuiabá (Mato Grosso), Brasil. Resultados do estudo revelaram que, em média, as mulheres iniciaram o uso do método 7,6 dias (DP = 2,4) após o uso da anticoncepção de emergência e a descontinuidade ocorreu 17,1 dias (DP = 7,0) após o uso da mesma. A maioria das mulheres utilizou um método de forma contínua 30 dias antes (44,4%) e 30 dias após (65,7%) a anticoncepção de emergência. Foi identificado que apenas 8,1% das mulheres que não utilizavam método antes da anticoncepção de emergência, usaram após o seu uso (bridging). Ter 35 ou mais anos de idade (OR = 1,8; IC95%: 1,4-2,6) associou-se com o uso de métodos contraceptivos após a utilização da anticoncepção de emergência, entre mulheres que não usavam métodos. Residir em Aracaju (OR = 0,7; IC95%: 0,4-0,9), associou-se negativamente. Concluiu-se que uma ínfima parte das mulheres que não utilizava método anticoncepcional algum antes da anticoncepção de emergência, iniciaram o uso após o uso desta (bridging).

Los objetivos del estudio fueron estimar la ocurrencia de bridging, es decir, durante cuánto tiempo las mujeres, que no usaban métodos contraceptivos, comenzaron a utilizarlos en el mes subsiguiente al uso de la anticoncepción de emergencia; así como estimar las tasas de discontinuidad anticonceptiva antes y después del uso de métodos anticonceptivos de emergencia. La recogida de datos se produjo mediante un historial retrospectivo diario sobre el uso de métodos durante 30 días antes y después del uso de anticonceptivos de emergencia, con 2.051 pacientes de unidades básicas de salud de São Paulo, Aracaju (Sergipe) y Cuiabá (Mato Grosso), Brasil. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que, de media, las mujeres comenzaron el uso del método 7,6 días (DE = 2,4) tras el uso de la anticoncepción de emergencia, y la discontinuidad se produjo 17,1 días (DE = 7,0) tras la utilización de la misma. La mayoría de las mujeres utilizaron un método de forma continua 30 días antes (44,4%) y 30 días después (65,7%) de la anticoncepción de emergencia. Se identificó que solamente un 8,1% de las mujeres que no utilizaban un método antes de la anticoncepción de emergencia, tras su uso, comenzaron con el (bridging). Tener 35 o más años de edad (OR = 1,8; IC95%: 1,4-2,6) se asoció con el uso de métodos anticonceptivos, tras la utilización de la anticoncepción de emergencia, entre mujeres que no usaban métodos. Residir en Aracaju (OR = 0,7; IC95%: 0,4-0,9) se asoció negativamente. Se concluyó que una ínfima parte de las mujeres que no utilizaban método antes de la anticoncepción de emergencia comenzaron con su uso tras la misma (bridging).

Male condom and dual protection use by adolescent men in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of male condoms and dual protection by Brazilian adolescent men, as well as their associated aspects. METHODS: A database from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) was used for this national cross-sectiotabelnal school-based research. The sample included adolescents of both sexes, aged between 12 and 17 years old, selected through cluster sampling in 2014 (n = 75,060). This study analyzed information from adolescent men who reported having had sexual intercourse (n = 12,215). The dependent variables were the use of male condoms and the use of dual protection (simultaneous use of male condoms and oral hormonal contraceptives) in the last sexual intercourse. Data were analyzed using univariate and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Most adolescents used a male condom in the last sexual intercourse, while the use of double protection was quite low. The use of male condoms, reported by 71% (95%CI 68.7-73.1), was positively associated with age, living with both parents, and having used alcohol in the previous 30 days. The use of double protection, reported by 3.6% (95%CI 2.8-4.5) was positively associated with age and studying in a private school, as well as negatively associated with tobacco use in the previous 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: The wide difference shown in the proportion of condom or dual protection use in the last sexual intercourse draws attention to the different logics that govern juvenile sexual relations. The low proportion of dual protection use may be a reflection of men's lack of knowledge about a function that has historically been attributed to women, which is contraception. Thus, one must deconstruct such dichotomy that the sphere of sexuality is of the domain/interest of men, while that of reproduction concerns only women.